The Health Protection and Promotion Act (HPPA) requires healthcare institutions like hospitals, long-term care home and retirement homes to report outbreaks to their local health authority. The health authority for the City of Ottawa is Ottawa Public Health. The most common outbreaks in institutions include gastroenteritis and respiratory infection outbreaks. Gastroenteritis is an illness that generally causes symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever while a respiratory infection is an illness whose symptoms may include new or worsening cough, shortness of breath, runny nose, sore throat, fever/chills.