- The hormonal IUD thickens the mucus in the cervix, making it more difficult for sperm to enter the uterus, it thins the wall of the uterus and thus prevents implantation in the uterus
- The copper IUD primarily inhibits sperm from reaching an egg and impairs implantation in the uterus
Intrauterine Contraception - Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- IUDs are methods of birth control inserted inside the uterus (intra-uterine) and are at least 99 percent effective in preventing pregnancy for 5 to 8 years
- The copper IUD does not contain any hormone
- Hormonal IUDs contain one hormone called progestin
- IUDs must be inserted by a health care professional (HCP)
- The copper IUD can also be used for emergency contraception if inserted within 7 days of unprotected sex
How do I use IUDs (hormonal or non-hormonal)?
- IUDs are inserted by a health care practitioner at our clinic. You will have a phone assessment to make sure you are a good candidate for the device.
- If you choose a hormonal IUD, a prescription will be faxed to your pharmacy. You will bring the device to be inserted to your insertion appointment.
- If you choose a copper IUD you may purchase it at our clinic.
- IUDs can be inserted any time during your cycle as long as pregnancy is ruled out.
- The copper IUD is effective immediately. The hormonal IUD (Kyleena or Mirena) is effective 7 days after insertion.
- Check your IUD strings monthly. If you feel the plastic part of your IUD or if the strings are absent or longer than usual, use another method of birth control such as condoms and seek medical attention.
- Panty liners and pads are encouraged over tampon use for the first 72 hours after insertion.
- The use of a Diva Cup® may increase the risk of IUD expulsion (falling out). If you use a Diva Cup® remember to break the suction before removing the cup.
- You can have sexual intercourse 48 hours after insertion, if you feel comfortable.
- Never attempt to remove an IUD yourself.
Preparing for the insertion day
- Take over-the-counter pain medication such as Ibuprofen or Naproxen before your appointment
- If you purchased a hormonal IUD at the pharmacy, remember to bring it with you to your appointment
- Make sure you eat a meal before your appointment
- Bring a pad with you to your appointment
- When you arrive at 179 Clarence Street enter the main doors and turn left. The door to the clinic is locked. Ring the doorbell and the receptionist will let you in.
- Bring your Ontario Health Card (OHIP card), if you have one. Otherwise, bring a form of photo ID.
- Most people feel discomfort during and after the procedure, discuss pain control options available with your healthcare provider. The cramps will lessen with time. Rest, mild heat to your abdomen and/or pain medication may help.
- It is normal to have some mild bleeding and spotting during the first few days after the insertion.
- After a hormonal IUD insertion, you can expect spotting and/or irregular bleeding for 3-6 months, then your period will usually decrease over time. If there is an abrupt change in your bleeding pattern such as very heavy bleeding or no bleeding, contact the clinic.
- A copper IUD may cause you to have longer or heavier periods with cramping. This may improve over time.
- Note: Heavy bleeding and clots (causing you to change pads every hour) could be a sign of a perforation and requires urgent follow-up at a hospital emergency department.
Remember
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IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted and blood borne infections (STBBIs) including HIV. Use condoms to lower your risk.
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Seek medical attention if you have any of these symptoms:
- Abdominal pain
- Fever and chills
- Increased or foul smelling discharge
- Heavy bleeding or clots with your period
- No period with copper IUD
Call the Sexual Health Infoline Ontario at 1-800-668-2437 if you have questions or need help.
For more information on IUDs, please visit:
Sexual Health Clinic
179 Clarence St
Ottawa. ON K1N5P7
613-234-4641 | TTY: 613-580-9656