Behaviour and Temperament in Children

Preschooler (3 to 5 years old):

It is normal for your child to want to try and please you. They can follow 2-3 simple step instructions such as "please wash your hands then come to the table to eat". Preschool children are also able to make choices. They are trying to be more independent and want to feel important. They may try to tell other children what to do.

School Age (5 to 8 years old):

Your child's independence continues to develop. They will start seeking out new relationships. Relationships with peers will start to become more important.  They show empathy and offer to help when they see others in need.

Preteens (9 to 12 years old):

Your child may be going through the changes of puberty. These changes may cause your child to feel emotions you haven't seen before. Parents and caregivers are a very important part of their lives.  However, preteens may want to spend more time with friends and want their support and approval. Friendships have become more important to them. Feeling like they are part of a group helps them feel good about themselves. 

• temperament
• self-regulation
• fear
• fatigue
• insecurity or self-esteem
• hunger
• feeling sick
• sleep
• routine
• stress from school and other activities
• environment
• people that care for them
• other children
• Screen time and digital media

Children are all unique and will develop at their own pace. But, it is important not to play "wait and see" or "they will grow out of it" with your child's development.

You can check if your child has delays by using the Looksee Checklist® (formerly Nipissing District Developmental Screen®-NDDS). It is a short and simple checklist review your child's growth and development at a specific age (up to 6 years old).

A delay in your child's development can affect their behaviour. Getting help early and connecting to the right services can help your child reach their full potential.

• If you have a concern and would like to speak with a Public Health Nurse, contact Ottawa Public Health Information at 1-613-580-6744.
• Visit Crossroads Children’s Mental Health Centre (English) or Centre Psychosocial (French) if you have questions related to your child's mental health. 
• If you have a concern about your child's speech and language development, visit First Words for more information.
• Contact Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO): CHEO Access Team if you have questions or concerns about your child's physical, developmental and behavioural needs.

You cannot always prevent your child's challenging behaviour. Sometimes trying different things can help. Remember, children look up to you and want to be like you. They need you to teach and guide them to behave well.

Positive discipline teaches and guides children. It is part of a comforting family environment. It helps your child grow to be a happy, caring person. It helps with their self-esteem, respect for others, problem solving and other life skills.

These are some ideas to help guide you:

• Appreciate your child's good behaviour.  Remember to tell your child when they have done something well.
• Consider using positive comments such as, "you've been working hard", or "thank you for waiting."
• Always try to describe your child's behaviour and not the child. Explain to them what they did wrong and the behaviour you would like to see.  For example, "Please don't run in the house.  You can play outside instead, if you like."
• Use logical consequences to help your child understand the effects of their actions. For example, if a child creates a mess, ask them to help to clean up.
• Encourage problem solving. Ask your child: What happened? Why do they think it happened? What can you do to help?

Remember, parenting strategies will change based on your child's age and developmental stage and temperament.